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军事地理信息系统的现状与发展

王家耀

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第12期页码 28-31

摘要：

在信息作战条件下，军事地理信息系统（MGIS）作为作战指挥自动化、数字化战场和现代武器系统的战场地理环境平台备受世界各国的重视。美国投入了大量人力、物力和财力先后研制并使用了地形分析系统等一系列应用系统，目前正着手研制地理影像情报综合管理系统（TPED）和地理影像与地理空间信息系统。我国的MGIS起步较晚，但发展很快，已成功地研制出了第一个具有自主版权的MGIS工具软件。该软件采用层次化体系结构和面向对象的设计方法，具有功能齐全、结构紧密、安全性好等特点。文章在分析国内外MGIS的基础上，着重介绍了军事地理信息系统软件的研制特点，并对军事地理信息系统进一步发展要解决的若干问题进行了探讨。

关键词：军事地理信息系统工具软件支撑软件

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Total phosphorus accident pollution and emergency response study based on geographic information system

Aifeng Zhai, Xiaowen Ding, Lin Liu, Quan Zhu, Guohe Huang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1223-3

摘要： A new algorithm of two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model was built. The migration and diffusion of TP was simulated. The emergency measures for sudden water pollution accidents was proposed. In recent years, sudden water pollution accidents in China’s rivers have become more frequent, resulting in considerable effects on environmental safety. Therefore, it is necessary to simulate and predict pollution accidents. Simulation and prediction provide strong support for emergency disposal and disaster reduction. This paper describes a new two-dimensional water quantity and the quality model that incorporates a digital elevation model into the geographic information system. The model is used to simulate sudden water pollution accidents in the main stream of the Yangtze River and Jialing River in the Chongqing section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The sectional velocity distribution and concentration change of total phosphorus are then analyzed under four hydrological situations. The results show that the proposed model accurately simulates and predicts the concentration change and migration process of total phosphorus under sudden water pollution accidents. The speed of migration and diffusion of pollutants is found to be greatest in the flood season, followed by the water storage period, drawdown season, and dry season, in that order. The selection of an appropriate water scheduling scheme can reduce the peak concentration of river pollutants. This study enables the impact of pollutants on the ecological environment of river water to be alleviated, and provides a scientific basis for the emergency response to sudden water pollution accidents in the Three Gorges Reservoir area.

关键词： Sudden water pollution accident Total phosphorus Predictive model Contaminant simulation Water scheduling Measure

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Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographicinformation system

WANG Geng, WU Wei

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第4期页码 471-476 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0075-4

摘要： Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and mana

关键词： environmental Eco-security assessment resource Geographic information non-linear

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地理信息系统的发展与发展中的地理信息系统

王家耀

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第2期页码 10-16

摘要：

针对目前对地理信息系统（ GIS）的发展缺乏系统、规律性研究的问题，分析了地理信息系统产生和发展的社会前景、技术背景和学科背景；探讨了随着计算机通信网络技术的发展而引起的GIS体系结构和软件开发模式的变化，认为开放式GIS思想和组件式GIS更适合网络（网格）环境下数据服务和功能的服务分布式特点；提出GIS将向以网络服务（ Web service）和网格服务（ Grid service）为主要形式的开放式GIS方向发展，论述了基于网络服务的地理信息共享与数据互操作的基本架构及其特点，指出Grid service为实现信息资源共享和协同解决问题提供了新的机遇和技术途径，强调Web service和Grid service的核心都是服务，两者既相互联系又有区别。

关键词： GIS 体系结构开发模式 Web service Grid service

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BMP decision support system for evaluating stormwater management alternatives

Mow-Soung CHENG, Jenny X. ZHEN, Leslie SHOEMAKER,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 453-463 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0153-x

摘要： Prince George’s County, Maryland, in the Washington D.C. metropolitan area has developed a best management practice decision support system (BMPDSS) to support analysis and decision making for stormwater management planning and design at both the site scale and the watershed levels. This paper presents a detailed description of the BMPDSS. A case study that demonstrates the application of the system is also included. The case study involves a Green Highway project located in a highly urbanized area within the Anacostia River watershed of the county. Several best management practices (BMP) such as bioretention, filter vegetative swale, porous paving, and landscape infiltration are proposed for reducing highway runoff and improving water quality. The BMPDSS is used to identify and evaluate various alternatives to determine the most cost-effective types and combinations of BMPs that minimize the highway runoff pollution.

关键词： best management practices decision support system low impact development geographic information system optimization

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关于农业信息科学形成的讨论

王人潮,黄敬峰,史舟,王珂

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第6期页码 80-83

摘要：

文章从农业信息科学发展的科学背景、技术背景和应用背景，提出农业信息科学的定义及其科学体系，着重讨论了作为一门应用科学的农业信息科学的核心——农业信息技术的组成及其功能。

关键词：农业信息科学农业信息技术卫星遥感技术地理信息技术全球定位技术计算机网络技术

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A building-based data capture and data mining technique for air quality assessment

Ni SHENG, U Wa TANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 543-551 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0369-4

摘要： Recently, a building-based air quality model system which can predict air quality in front of individual buildings along both sides of a road has been developed. Using the Macau Peninsula as a case study, this paper shows the advantages of building-based model system in data capture and data mining. Compared with the traditional grid-based model systems with input/output spatial resolutions of 1–2 km, the building-based approach can extract the street configuration and traffic data building by building and therefore, can capture the complex spatial variation of traffic emission, urban geometry, and air pollution. The non-homogeneous distribution of air pollution in the Macau Peninsula was modeled in a high-spatial resolution of 319 receptors·km . The spatial relationship among air quality, traffic flow, and urban geometry in the historic urban area is investigated. The study shows that the building-based approach may open an innovative methodology in data mining of urban spatial data for environmental assessment. The results are particularly useful to urban planners when they need to consider the influences of urban form on street environment.

关键词： traffic air pollution spatial distribution high resolution geographic information system

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Modeling of the overwintering distribution of

Xiaojing WANG,Zhanhong MA,Yuying JIANG,Shouding SHI,Wancai LIU,Juan ZENG,Zhiwei ZHAO,Haiguang WANG

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第1卷第3期页码 223-235 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2014025

摘要： Wheat stripe rust caused by f. sp. occurs widely in China and seriously affects wheat production. Global warming could profoundly impact the incidence and prevalence of low-temperature diseases such as stripe rust. Studies on the effects of temperature on the distribution of overwintering stripe rust could help us understand the incidence and prevalence of the disease and could also provide support for monitoring, forecasting and developing control strategies. An exponential model and a spherical model of the ordinary Kriging method in the ArcGIS platform were used to predict the overwintering regions of stripe rust based on the probability that the average temperature of the coldest month from December to February was higher than -6 or -7°C from 2001 to 2012. The results showed that the areas with a probability between 70% and 90% were transition regions for the overwintering of stripe rust. Based on annual mean temperature of the coldest month from December to February for 2001 to 2012, overwintering distribution of stripe rust was likewise evaluated. The boundary for overwintering of stripe rust was consistent with the areas where the probability was predicted to be 70% to 90% for the overwintering distribution of stripe rust, but the boundary was shifted northward toward Beijing in North China. Some areas in Xinjiang, including Akto, Pishan, Hotan and Yutian, were also predicted to be suitable for the overwintering of stripe rust.

关键词： stripe rust wheat overwintering geospatial distribution geographic information system climate change

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黄河小浪底工程对生态环境影响及对策研究

王家耀,张震宇

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第2期页码 47-51

摘要：

黄河的治理问题一直受到社会各方面的关注。小浪底水利工程的兴建将使黄河的治理进入新的里程，同时也将对库区、库周及黄河下游以黄河水为主要水源的引黄灌区、湿地、河口三角洲的生态环境产生重要影响。在长期研究的基础上，简要分析小浪底工程对生态环境的影响，并提出了若干对策。

关键词：黄河小浪底工程黄河生态环境区域可持续发展地理信息系统

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基于GIS 的中国深圳市城市快速路环境敏感性评估 Article

李骐安, 郭凤清, 关云涛

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第2期页码 230-234 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.03.002

摘要：

随着城市化、人口增长以及社会经济的迅猛发展，中国的城市生态环境日趋恶化。深圳市正在建设一条经过环境敏感区（ESA）的城市快速路。由于城市快速路的径流系数大、污染物累积量高、污染物成分复杂，导致城市快速路造成的潜在环境污染问题格外严峻。鉴于ESA极易受到人为干扰，因此应给予特别关注。为了评估该城市快速路沿线的环境敏感性，并最大限度地减少道路建设及未来通行对周边生态系统的影响，本文借助地理信息系统（GIS）对相关区域的环境敏感性进行了评估。最终的ESA分布图被划分为4 个环境敏感度等级。结果表明该快速路的大部分路段（11.93 km）经过高度敏感区，占快速路总里程的52.3%，且90% 以上的路段经过ESA。本文为基于低影响开发技术的初期降雨径流处理设施的布局方案优化提供重要指导，以最大限度地减小道路径流污染对周边生态环境的影响。

关键词：环境敏感区城市快速路地理信息系统低影响开发

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Research on the Giant and Complex Financial Information System Engineering Management from the Perspectiveof Meta-synthesis Methodology—with the Bank Card Information Exchange System Engineering as a Sample

Hong-feng Chai,Quan Sun

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第4期页码 404-413 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2016037

摘要： The paper empirically studies the engineering practices of the national currency circulation information system-China Union Pay’s Bankcard Information Exchange System. By integrating the meta-synthesis methodology and the financial information system engineering, the paper proposes basic principles and processes of the giant and complex financial information system engineering management, and further explores its paradigm and toolkit.

关键词： financial information system meta-synthesis methodology bank card information exchange

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恒河流域水文模型SWAT模型标定技术的比较

Nikita Shivhare,Prabhat Kumar Singh Dikshit,Shyam Bihari Dwivedi

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 643-652 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.012

摘要：

The Ganga河流是印度最长的河流，人为活动和气候变化极为严峻，特别是在瓦拉纳西地区。预期的气候变化和人口增长将进一步阻碍水的有效利用。在这项研究中，将水文模型应用到北方邦南部15 161.612 km ²恒河流域的土壤和水评估工具（SWAT）模型中。这项研究的主要目标是：①为了测试SWAT模型在预测径流和泥沙产量方面的执行性和适用性；和②比较和确定三种流行算法中的最佳校准算法。

关键词：遥感，地理信息系统，水土评估工具，水文模拟，SUFI-2，GLUE，ParaSol，产沙量

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溪洛渡施工总布置三维动态可视化图形仿真研究

钟登华,朱慧蓉,郑家祥

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第11期页码 65-70

摘要：

溪洛渡水电站是在金沙江拟建的最大水电站，为直观准确地描述其施工总布置设计所涉及的各施工环节之间复杂的动态空间关系，将施工总布置系统分为若干子系统，对整个设计施工过程进行动态可视化图形仿真研究。设计3维动态图形仿真数据流向，将溪洛渡施工总布置动态图形仿真数据分为空间数据和属性数据，以GIS为平台组织数据结构，构造施工总布置3维动态可视化数字模型；在3维动态可视化数字基础上实现施工总布置3维动态可视化图形仿真演示和动态图形仿真数据可视化查询，给施工总布置设计与决策提供一个科学、直观的可视化分析途径。

关键词：溪洛渡工程施工总布置图形仿真地理信息系统数字水利

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Design of a digital currency information system based on the UnionPay network

Hongfeng CHAI, Quan SUN, Yu ZHOU, Tao ZHU

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第4期页码 471-484 doi: 10.1007/s42524-020-0134-0

摘要： Digital currency can reduce the issuance and circulation costs of physical cash and improve the convenience and transparency of economic activities. Therefore, digital currency has received widespread attention from central banks in recent years. As an important financial infrastructure, the UnionPay network is expected to provide effective support for the construction and operation of a digital currency system. This study uses the UnionPay network as basis to systematically propose a digital currency information system from three aspects, namely, digital currency account opening, exchange, and use, and further expounds on the operation mechanism of a digital currency information system prototype. This study also discusses how to apply blockchain technology to digital currency, such as using distributed ledger for digital currency confirmation and registration and using blockchain-enabled smart contracts to realize the forward guidance function of the central bank digital currency. Lastly, the current research introduces the value of using the UnionPay network to support the operation of a digital currency information system and its technical challenges, aiming to provide beneficial guidance and reference for future research effort.

关键词： UnionPay network digital currency information system blockchain smart contracts

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地图关键字密集区域搜索技术 Article

Zhi YU, Can WANG, Jia-jun BU, Xia HU, Zhe WANG, Jia-he JIN

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第10期页码 1543-1555 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1600043

摘要：根据查询关键字找到相应地图区域，可以应用于购物推荐、旅游景点检索、无线传感网络冲突干扰区域检测等诸多场景。传统地图检索一般返回若干个兴趣点，而用户经常希望找到感兴趣的区域，比如不同风格的购物区域、推荐旅游景点区域，或查找无线节点最密集区域以避免无线网络冲突，等。由于区域形状不确定性等原因，地图区域检索是一个具有高度挑战性的问题。本文提出一种不规则区域检索算法DRS（dense region search）及其扩展形式，可高效预估搜索区域关键字密度，从而快速找到感兴趣的区域。在模拟和真实数据集上的试验证明，算法在不规则密集地图区域检索任务时有效。